Systemic Lupus Erythematosus B. Epidemiology, Pathology, and Pathogenesis
نویسنده
چکیده
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is primarily a disease of young women, though it can be seen in both pediatric and older patients where the sex ratio is more balanced. The pathologic fi ndings of SLE occur throughout the body and are manifested by infl ammation, blood vessel abnormalities that encompass bland vasculopathy and vasculitis, and immune-complex deposition. Autoantibodies can occur in the absence of clinical lupus, but pathogenic autoantibodies are important contributors to tissue damage in the kidney as well as in other involved organs. Autoantibodies in lupus may be driven by selfantigens implicating a more generalized immune cell dysfunction. which promotes B-cell hyperactivity. Genetic susceptibility to lupus is likely polygenic, as exemplifi ed by multiple types of genes associated with lupuslike diseases in mice. Triggering events for disease initiation and fl ares may include may environmental exposures, such as hormones, infectious agents, diet, sunlight, toxins (including drugs), and others.
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